Critically appraise whether recent judicial decisions reinforcing Coursework

Basically evaluate whether ongoing legal choices fortifying - Coursework Example The majority of the organizations use shapes that have extraordinary terms and standard legitimate language on backs or base of the archives administering deals and buys. This is all the more so to the businesspeople who concentrates more on the business exchanges than lawful principle. At the point when the ongoing legal choices are utilized, the court utilizes the first and last short methodologies in deciding the viability of the agreement. By and by The standard language is traditionally in little print, covering business possibilities which emerge rarely2. Through the use of the ongoing legal choices, some significant variations are recognized in the lawful principle came about because of disparities in certain conditions that go with answers and offers3. This case is like the case between Mr. Jones, organization by the name of CMP and Ricoh [Ricoh UK Limited v Jones (2010) EWHC 1743 (Ch). As per the understanding, nobody should have any contact with any customer aside from thro ugh Ricoh. Mr. Jones had no equal commitment to manage the customers without Ricoh. Later there emerged an argument about tenders to flexibly MFDs outside the nation for an organization which had been an ordinary client for CMP.4 The court excused this on the premise that, the gatherings were working on similar degrees of circulation chain. The Uniform Commercial Code has a lot of thought on the offers acknowledged when the merchants sends composed affirmations of acknowledgment to the buyer5. Another comparable cases included Manchester CC v Gibson [1979] 1 WLR 294. Gibson was an occupier and inhabitant of a chamber house and he wished to buy the house under the â€Å"right to purchase scheme†. He got a letter from the chamber illuminating him regarding the eagerness of the board to sell the house. Afterward, the political control of the gathering changed coming about to deny of the arrangement of the option to purchase. It was held by the House of Lords that the gathering n ever made the proposal to sell and, accordingly, there could be no legitimate acknowledgment. 6 The above situation can likewise be identified with an instance of Manchester CC v Storer 3 All ER 824. For the situation, the gathering had sent an application to buy a house which was going to be finished. At the point when he finished the structure as the directions required, the board would not sign and to restore the application as they had concurred. At the point when the case was taken to the court, the adjudicator held that, the agreement was formed.7 The judicially and the universal legitimate network have attempted to discover acceptable methods of choosing the details of controlling an agreement.8 Another comparable case included Ex-Cell-O partnership (England) Ltd v Butler machine Tool Co. Ltd [1979] 1 WLR 401. Afterward, a question happened when each organization utilized separate standard structure. One organization utilized a structure with a value variety which had a state ment while the other organization utilized an agreement structure without a value variety condition. For the situation, the House of Lords held that, the agreement depended on Ex-Cell-O corporation’s terms since it had incorporated an affirmation strip which was marked by both parties.9 According to Section 2(207) of The Uniform Commercial Code10, it is accepted that the dealers don't peruse or comprehend the terms which are contained on the traded shapes between the gatherings in question. This area of agreement Law is like Article 19 of CISG which accentuates on the flightiness of the traders for getting away from of the agreement agreement11. In 1975, the United States Court settled a case between Manning Fabrics Inc. 441 F. Supp., and Lea Tai

The theme of Guy de Maupassant story The Necklace Essay Example For Students

The subject of Guy de Maupassant story The Necklace Essay The subject of Guy de Maupassant story The Necklace appears to recommended by the line, What might occurred if Mathilde had not lost the accessory? During the Guy de Maupassants short story The Necklace, the primary character, Mathilde Loisel, makes various unexpected disclosures. The amusing components were the consequences of her desires and wants were difference to her world and capacity. All through the story Guy de Maupassant shading the incongruity by verbal, situational, demeanor, and emotional incongruity. Incongruity is a key component in our lives. It is likewise significant in short stories. Incongruity is when something happens that is totally different based on what is normal. The Necklace of Guy de Maupassant centers around the incongruity of appearances and reality. Toward the start of the story, Madame Loisel who was one of those pretty and enchanting young ladies who are at times, as though by a misstep of fate, conceived in a group of assistants. She has no share, no desires, no methods for being known, comprehended, cherished married by any rich and recognized man; and she let herself be hitched to a little representative at the Ministry of Public Instruction. In the contrary site, in the gathering held in the Palace of the Ministry, she was the most lovely lady. All the men appreciated her. We will compose a custom article on The topic of Guy de Maupassant story The Necklace explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now And afterward, for which is called Heroism, she chosen to be a very surprising lady. Be that as it may, her desires for being lovely and having a place with high-class become the most exceedingly awful thing. Or on the other hand it very well may be said that it was the result of her possessed desire, which were her magnificence, her appeal and her pride. Madame Loisel looked old at this point. She had become the lady of devastated families solid and hard and harsh. With frowsy hair, skirts awry, and red hands, she talked uproarious while washing the floor with incredible washed of water. However, here and there, when her significant other was at office, she plunked down close to the window, and she thought of that gay night of some time in the past, of the ball where she had been so wonderful and so feted. Her craving to carry on with an existence of extravagance expends her and forestalls her from discovering fulfillment with any part of her life. What might have occurred on the off chance that she had no lost that jewelry? Who know? How life is weird furthermore, changeful! How easily overlooked detail is requirement for us to be lost or to be spared. It is so difficult to reply, however without a doubt that is so excruciating to understanding, to endeavor, to change ones self to another totally extraordinary individual. Therefore, following ten years, it is so amusing since Madame Loisel understands that the neckband is a glue one. It could have been unique. It could have been exceptional on the off chance that she had not been obtained. What's more, she could have been a Madame. She and her better half were profoundly in the red. For a long time they worked throughout each and every day until at last the obligation was paid off. She put the new jewelry in a case and offered it to her companion. Her companion never glanced in the crate, so she didn't have the foggiest idea about the jewelry was not a similar she let Loisel is obtain. That is the incongruity of the story. It is progressively sensational incongruity when Madame Loisel accepts on getting respected appearance of her by society at the ball one night. To some specific surviving, it speaks to the general public at that time. It is the general public wherein individuals flourish for the extravagances, where the estimation of an individual was controlled by her/his appearance as opposed to his/her capacity. As de Maupassant clarifies, Mr. Loisel had eighteen thousand franks which his dad had left him. .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe , .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe .postImageUrl , .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe , .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe:hover , .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe:visited , .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe:active { border:0!important; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe:active , .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u fde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ufde80deeb0bb0380482f7a50ff560ffe:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Compare and complexity two phantom stories Essay He obtained the rest. He acquired it, requesting a thousand francs of one, 500 of another, five boors of this one, and three louis of that one. He gave notes, made ruinous guarantees, took cash of usurers and the entire race of loan specialists. He traded off his entire presence, truth be told, taken a chance with his signature without knowing whether he could make it great or not, furthermore, bugged by uneasiness for the future, by the dark wretchedness which encircled him, and by the possibility of every single physical privation and moral torment, he went to get the new jewelry, storing on the dealers counter thirty-6,000 francs. At the point when Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Loisel leave the adornments store, the gem dealer says, You will have a lifetime to appreciate these jewels. This .

How to Tell if a Business Opportunity is Really a Scam - OppLoans

How to Tell if a Business Opportunity is Really a Scam - OppLoans How to Tell if a Business Opportunity is Really a Scam How to Tell if a Business Opportunity is Really a ScamWhen assessing a potential job or business opportunity to see whether its a scam, stick to the Duck Rule. If it walks like a duck and talks like a duck Hello, friend! No wait, don’t walk away! We have an intriguing opportunity we think you’ll be interested in. So you know elephants, right?Yeah, those elephants, the ones with trunks and big feet. Well, we’ve been working with an animal scientist who has done research suggesting that “service elephants” would be more effective than service dogs. They can use their trunks to open doors and perform other tasks.Now we know what you’re thinking: How can you get the service elephants onto airplanes?And that’s where you come in. We’re gathering investors for a new business initiative. Our business, Babair, will make planes large enough for the upcoming service elephant boom we know is on the way. So would you like to write a check?Thanks! But…YOU JUST GOT SCAMMED. Fortun ately, this was only a test, but that was one example of a business scam you might face. Which is why it’s important to recognize the signs for when a business opportunity is really just a scam.Know the red flags.There are certain terms that should set off the alarm bells in your head when you’re reading over a job opportunity.The most common types of opportunities that usually end up being some kind of scam, are ones involving working-at-home, investments, and mystery shopper jobs,” warned Stephen Hart, CEO of  Cardswitcher.“Where you spot the initial advert for the opportunity should tell you a lot about its provenance and whether or not you can trust it. Most business opportunity scams are advertised on the internet on general classified advert websites.”Sometimes it’s less about specific aspects of the business offer, and more about what you aren’t being told that should arise your skepticism.“The best way to evaluate whether or not a business opportunity is a sc am is to take a step back,” advised Jonaed Iqbal, founder and CEO of  NoDegree.com. “Often times when we are approached with a business opportunity, we get very excited and think of all the possibilities.However, it is best to evaluate the situation as if you were a 3rd party. How credible is the person who is telling you about the business opportunity? Is it a random person? If you had a great opportunity, would you just offer it to a random person or would you offer it to someone with a specific skill set who can make the most of the opportunity? Wouldn’t you at least evaluate the prospect to make sure they are a good fit?Another thing to look for out is when people are vague. They just throw buzzwords in your face but do not go in detail. They just tell you that it is a great opportunity. If they are willing to give anyone who comes their way a chance at the opportunity, it is best to walk away.”Justin Lavelle, Chief Communications Officer for  BeenVerified.com, offered a similar warning:“Beware of vague answers. Many business scams come under a very thin cover. In fact, many Multi-Level-Marketing businesses (MLMs) will outright tell their employees not to ever say what the opportunity really isâ€"just that you need to hear about a great opportunity. Red flag: If the pitch person can’t be honest about what the opportunity actually is, run!”You can read more about the risks posed by MLMs in this blog post.Use your gut and study up.There isn’t a template you can apply to every business offer, so at some point, you’re going to have to use your common sense and research skills to make a determination.“If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it most likely is,” Lavelle laid out. “Use your gut. If something sounds too good to be true and feels suspicious, it probably is.Many business opportunities, especially the MLM variety like to build lots of hype to get you hooked only to leave you holding the bag full of cleaning products, ma ke-up, jewelry, skincare, or whatever it was that was going to be your ticket to riches.“Do some due diligence. Research the company. Research the people. Research the product. Contact the Better Business Bureau and the Attorney General. A little homework can expose a world of wrong!”Other contributors also subscribed to the Duck Rule.When it comes to spotting whether or not an opportunity is legitimate sometimes the old advice is the best,” explained Hart. “If something seems too good to be true, the chances are that it most likely is.An opportunity that seems to present you with the chance to make an awful lot of profit, very quickly, for very little, initial capital outlay should set alarm bells ringing.Take extra care to avoid the REALLY bad ones.Losing money to a business scam is bad. But that’s not all you can lose.“Keep in mind there are ‘business opportunities’ that can immediately be profitable but are almost always illegal,” warned identity theft expert a nd CEO of  Safr.Me Robert Siciliano.“These opportunities usually revolve around shipping products or transferring funds from one account to the other. These ‘opportunities’ mean that the ‘employee’ would be a ‘mule’ for an organized crime syndicate functioning as a web mob.”Regardless of whether you’re worried about losing your money or your freedom, you should consult the proper person before signing on.“Do not ever give out financial information to a prospective business or franchise without proper advice from an attorney, an accountant, or both to be safe,” explained Lavelle.“Many scams will try and convince their prey that they are trustworthy and further questions and verification are unnecessary.”OK, that’s enough negativity for now.The good ones.Now that you know how to spot a bad business opportunity, what are some signs of a good business opportunity?“People with good business opportunities generally target people who have something specific to offer,” Iqbal told us. “For example, is the opportunity present to you because you have a specific background and can offer your expertise? Does it make sense? If you can make sense of how it works, that is a good sign. If it doesn’t make sense to you, walk away.If you have to make an investment, figure out exactly what the money is for. If they tell you that you have to sign up for their program in order to sell, walk away. You shouldn’t have to pay to sell things for someone else.Also make sure that they are comfortable with you taking some time to think about the opportunity. They should be open to criticism and they should understand that you want to do your due diligence. If someone is trying to rush you, that is not a good sign.”Whitney Joy Smith, president of The Smith Investigation Agency and Smith Training Centre, gave her own list of positive signs:They have a legitimate online presence on social media, review sites, BBB, etc.They go through the steps of investm ents or mergers with legal teams and contracts.All financials are disclosed, and both parties feel good about the discussions.You have heard others having positive experiences or read reviews and recommendations about the company or investment.They are not scared to answer questions.”Finally, here are two more good signs courtesy of Dennis Shirshikov, financial analyst at  FitSmallBusiness.com:“Good business opportunities take time. Always ask yourself: ‘Why am I being offered this?’ If you receive some grand promise, consider why the current owner or the person introducing you to the idea isnt doing it themselves. Surely everyone wants to have a business that can double their money. A good business opportunity will likely take time to develop and grow, it wont be handed to you brand new and ready.“Look for past success. Many people prefer going for a business model with proven success. This reduces their risk of failure and the number of things they need to consider. The best example of this is a franchise. Although everyone knows about McDonalds, there are thousands of franchises that require far less capital and cover industries from dry cleaning to bicycle repair.”This advice should give you a good starting point when considering a new business opportunity. Now that we have that out of the way, there’s this great bridge that you can get for cheap right now Keep your money safe.There are lots of things out there that can drain your bank account, from poor investments and scammers to predatory no credit check loans and short-term bad credit loans like payday loans, title loans, and cash advances.And while the solutions to these problems varyâ€"from changing your password to maintaining a well-stocked emergency fund to choosing an affordable installment loanâ€"the principles at hand are the same: Do your research, keep your eyes peeled, and always be prepared for the worst!To learn more about how you can keep your money and your identity safe fr om potential scammers, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:5 Steps You Can Take to Prevent Identity TheftNever Trust and Always Verify: How to Avoid Getting Scammed Over Email10 Common Scams: How They Work and How to Avoid ThemDating App Dangers: 7 Tips to Avoid Getting Scammed by a Fake RomanceDo you have a   question about scams youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |  InstagramContributorsAfter working in the financial industry for several years, Stephen Hart left his role as Chief Financial Officer at WorldPay to launch the UK’s first payment processing comparison site, Cardswitcher. Nowadays, he helps SMEs save money on their payment processing costs.Jonaed Iqbal is a New York native who graduated from Queens College with degrees in applied mathematics and economics. He later attended Columbia University for their master program in actuarial science. Jonaed worked as an actuary for a couple of years. While working as an actuary, Jonaed started NoDegree.com. NoDegree is a career resource for those without college degrees. He saw that there were plenty of opportunities for those without college degrees and that the rising cost of tuition made it a challenge for many to afford college. He also saw that college wasn’t for everyone. He continues to work on NoDegree.com and hopes to educate people about opportunities and help those without college degrees.Justin Lavelle  is a Scams Prevention Expert and the Chief Communications Officer of  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). BeenVerified is a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It helps people discover, understand and use public data in their everyday lives and can provide peace of mind by offering a fast, easy and affordable way to do background checks on potential dates. BeenVerified allows individuals to find more information about people, phone num bers, email addresses,  and property records.Dennis Shirshikov is a Financial Analyst with  FitSmallBusiness.com (@FitSmallBiz). Dennis earned an MS with an emphasis in Financial Risk Modeling and spend most of his career working with startups. When not helping small businesses and teaching Economics to college students at CUNY Queens College.Robert Siciliano  (@RobertSiciliano) is a #1 Best-Selling Author and CEO of  Safr.Me.  Safr.Me is funny  but serious about teaching you and your audience fraud prevention and personal security. Robert is a United States Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla Staff Officer of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security whose motto is Semper Paratus (Always Ready). His programs are cutting edge, easily digestible and provide best practices to keep you, your clients and employees safe and secure. Your audience will walk away as experts in identity theft prevention, online reputation management, online privacy and data security.With over ten years of experien ce in the private investigation industry, Whitney Joy Smith has seen it all. Having worked through over 1,700 case files, she understands what it takes to get effective results, and expects only the best from her team of qualified investigators. Whitney not only operates an award-winning company but is also the recipient of the International AI- Influential Business Woman Award for the Best Woman-Owned Private Investigative Agency in eastern Canada and the Most Innovative Woman in Executive Protection.

Web Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington Who Was Right

WEB Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington: Who was right? by San Two great leaders of the black community in the late 19th and 20th century were W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington. However, they sharply disagreed on strategies for black social and economic progress. Their opposing philosophies can be found in much of todays discussions over how to end class and racial injustice, what is the role of black leadership, and what do the haves owe the have-nots in the black community. W.E.B. DuBois was born on February 23, 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He died August 27, 1963 but not before he was known as a historian,professor writer, editor, sociologist and my favorite , the radicalist. Du Bois grew up in a single parent home†¦show more content†¦Washington preached about self-help, separation of the races, and accommodation. He urged blacks to accept discrimination for the time being and concentrate on elevating themselves through hard work and material prosperity. Washington believed in education, industrial and farming skills and themes of patience, owning busineses and thrift. This, he belived, would win the respect of whites and lead to African Americans being fully accepted as citizens and integrated into all stagesof society. Washingtons thinking was one of accommodation to white oppression. He advised blacks to trust southern whites and accept the fact of white supremacy. He stressed the interdependence of blacks and whites in the Sou th, but said they were to remain socially separate: One of Washingtons famous quotes was In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress. Up from slaves 1901p.Washington counseled blacks to remain in the South, obtain a useful education, save their money, work hard, and purchase property. By doing such things, Washington believed, the Negro could one day be a full fledge citizen. White Americans were happy with Washingtons ideas , and made him the national Negro leader. Northern whites saw in Washingtons a peace formula between the races in the South.Show MoreRelatedBooker T Washington Vs W. E. B De Dubois Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagespeople that our similar but at the time have different ways of life come together to achieve the same goal?Imagine 30 years after slavery ended you because of the color of your skin are still being mistreated. During the time of Booker and W.E.B the Jim crow law was created to segregate blacks and whites. Because of the segregation blacks had their own society like community only dealing with each other. Blacks were separated from society, they had their own neighborhoods buildings they only usedRead MoreA Comparison Of Booker T Washington And W. E. De Dubois1532 Words   |  7 Pagesskin are still being mistreated. During the time of Booker and W.E.B the Jim crow law was created to segregate blacks and whites. Because of the segregation blacks had their own society like community only dealing with each other. Blacks were separated from society, they had their own neighborhoods buildings they only used, and lived in only cities. During the time blacks were wrongly accused of lots of crimes and were more mistreated. Lynching was really prominent at the time. Many blacks were putRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Martin Luther King Jr, as Opposed to Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Dubois and Malcom X2045 Words   |  9 PagesInfluence of One Man After slavery was abolished, African Americans worked to integrate into mainstream American society. During the twentieth century many African American civil rights leaders led the African American civil rights movement. All of them had different ideas and approaches to further improve the status for the African American individual in attempt to gain civil equality. The pioneer civil rights leaders of the twentieth century were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois. Their respected

Reginald Saunders And The Australian Defence - 995 Words

Reginald Saunders Reginald Saunders was born on the 7 August 1920 from the Gunditijmara people in Victoria. Since 1901 Aboriginal Australians have enlisted and served for the Australian Defence Force. Reg was a member of Australian Infantry Force, 2/7th Battalion of the 6th Australian Division. In August 1942, he was posted back into the 2/7th Battalion and went to New Guinea. Reg was promoted to a commissioned rank in New Guinea. He was the first Aboriginal Australian to achieve that level of command in the Australian Army. He attended the Officer Training School at the Infantry Wing of the Officer Cadet Training Unit. (Australian War Memorial, 2009) In December 1944, Reg graduated as a lieutenant. In 1951, he went to the Korean War. He received a promotion to captain in charge of â€Å"C† Company of the 3rd Battalion. Reg left Korea in October 1952. He then resigned from the regular army in 1954. He became the president of a sub-branch of the RSL. In 1969, he was employed as a liaison officer of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs until his retirement in 1981. In 1971, he was awarded an MBE, and he was also appointed to the Council of the Australian War Memorial in July 1985. (Australian Army, n.d) Reg passed away on Friday the 2nd of March 1991, aged 69. Neville Bonner Neville Bonner was born the year of 1922. In 1946, he worked at the Palm Island Aboriginal settlement; he managed to work himself up to the position of assistant settlement overseer. In 1960, Bonner

The Legalization Of Marijuan A Positive And Negative...

The legalization of marijuana can have many positive and negative effects on American society. State budgets are constantly looking for new avenues of revenue and ways to create new industry. The legal system in place is exhausted and unable to sustain the current rate of incarceration and enforcement. Our jails and prisons are overcrowded and law enforcement budgets are challenged every year trying to keep up with the enforcement of marijuana use, smuggling and production in addition to its other obligations. The legalization of marijuana could have a positive impact for law enforcement by freeing up resources that are currently focused on combating marijuana. If law enforcement was no longer obligated to arrest every user of marijuana for having a smoking device or a â€Å"joint† they could focus their efforts on combating victim related crimes and community orientated projects. Additionally, the cost of housing marijuana users in jails and time spent in court would no longe r be an issue and would free up space and lessen the impact on our judicial system. Furthermore, if legalized marijuana could be purchased locally this could have the effect of taking money away from the drug cartels’ illegal marijuana. Conversely, legalized marijuana could create an even bigger underground market for drug cartels to take advantage of when legal marijuana supplies cannot keep up with demand. Marijuana legalization could also create a positive economic impact. A new industry would be

Auditing Accomplish Objective Of Concluding-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Auditing Accomplish Objective Of Concluding? Answer: Introducation: Analytical Procedure and Risk Assessment are two main activities performed by an auditor while auditing to accomplish the objective of concluding appropriate conclusion (DeFond and Lennox, 2017.). Analytical procedures are asignificant factor of the financial audit which assists an auditor to understand and identify its clients business and changes to determine possible risks in order to plan audit procedures. On the other hand, the Inherent risk is evaluated in each area with an objective of reducing it to an acceptable level (Cannon and Bedard, 2016). The present study is based on the application of analytical procedures, and risk assessment has been done for Double Ink Printers Ltd as an auditor. Further explanation relating to existing key fraud risk factors and inherent risk factors has been provided in the report. ASA 520 deals with therequirement and other explanatory details relating to theapplication of analytical procedures as substantive analytical procedures. In accordance with views of Griffith, Hammersley and Kadous, (2015) analytical procedures play an important role as an attention-directing device in the process of audit planning, used by auditors to identify the timing, nature and degree of their procedural. In accordance with the provision available in the standard the main purpose of using analytical procedures in this process is to make an increment in auditors plan for the better understanding of client business and determination of particular risks of anaudit by observing abnormal or unforeseen relationships or balances in data. In present scenario in case of audit planning of DIPL Ltd, the analytical procedures used might be inclusive of the following: Comparison of Accounting balance: make a comparison of the amounts of unadjusted trial balance with the amounts of adjusted tried balance of the preceding year balances available in balance sheet of DIPL Ltd.. Receivables and sales must be equal unless there is achange in the base of thecustomer, organizations credit policy or its practices of thecollection. Calculation of significant ratios: assessment of current ratio above various reporting periods of DIPL Ltd. This computing of current assets with current liabilities must be similar unless the business has changed its procedures regarding debtors and creditors. Estimate of ratios with the help of non-financial and financial data (Hayes, Wallage, and Gortemaker, 2014.). Regression analysis: Analyzing the amount relating to expenses of previous years and assessing the same for a present year along with adjustment of inflation of DIPL Ltd. The days sales outstanding metric of DIPL Ltd will be compared to the balance outstanding of previous years. This correlation between receivables and sales should remain about the same over time, unless some change in variant i.e. customer base exists, the manner in which credit is allowed to customers or its collection period. This procedure is part of ratio analysis. The balance which is carried to next year should be assessed and trend analysis of same should be analysed. This expense increase to a certain extent every year, thus inflation in same should also be assessed. If it is not assessed in appropriate manner than chances of fraudulent payments are more such as payment of fake employees etc. The four elements which are included as distinct stepsin the procedure of substantial analytical procedure have been specified below. They have been applied in context with data available regarding Double Ink Printers Ltd: Development of independent expectation:In thepresent scenario, accounts which are required to be analysed in detail are Purchases and Inventory, Revenue and Receivables, Cash, Inventory. The changes in method of inventory should be assessed in appropriate manner that whether the same represent books of accounts in more appropriate manner (Arens, Elder, Beasley and Hogan, 2016). The above-specified accounts are the most significant; thus the same should be assessed in detail Evaluating and ascertaining significant differences: A variety of substantive procedure is available and the same is chosen by the auditor in accordance with his objectives of theprocedure. In present case ratio analysis and trend analysis has been applied for accomplishing the objective. Ratio Analysis Trend Analysis: The three groups of ratios have been assessed in anappropriate manner: Profitability ratios (Amount in $) Profitability Ratios Formula 2013 2014 2015 Sales 34212000 37699500 43459500 Gross Profit Gross Profit / Sales *100 17.5509 16.1262 15.1969 Net Profit Net Profit / Sales *100 6.8958 6.07796 6.83897 As per the analysis, it has been concluded that even though, sales of DIPL Ltd. have been increased each year but gross profit net profit is not having increasing trend in that accordance. The reason for decreasing gross profit might be an increase in the cost of goods. It is necessarily required to be assessed in detail. However net profit does not have that much change even after a major change in interest expenses on loan taking during thecurrent year. The reason behind same can be an allowance for inventory obsolesce written back and amajor increase in revenue from operations and e-book storage fees. It should be checked in anappropriate manner. Liquidity Ratio Formula 2013 2014 2015 Current Ratio C A /CL 1.42485 1.46656 1.50073 Quick asset ratio (CA - Inventory) / CL (Khan, Serafeim and Yoon, 2016) 0.82798 0.94483 0.84727 Note: CA = Current Assets , CL = Current Liabilities An increase in trend of the current ratio of DIPL Ltd. can be assessed which means the liquidity of company has increased in comparison to previous years. As current ratio is more than 1 existsin the entire scenario which indicates that no issues regarding going concern assumption are present.However, the condition in case of quick asset ratio is not the same as it comparatively fluctuates. The reason for the change required to be assessed by asking the management about the reasons behind it and the same required to be resolved. Risk ratio Formula 2013 2014 2015 Gearing Ratio Long term loan finance / Equity Financials - - 0.61222 Interest coverage ratio Operating Profit Before Interest / Interest 40.9421 40.1257 2.78608 Indebtedness of a company can be analysed in anappropriate manner with theapplication of risk ratios. The increase in gearing ratio specifies that risk relating to increasing in non-payment of interest increases (Jiao, 2015). From above calculations, it can be assessed that a major change has occurred in interest coverage ratio and the same is due to theloan of $7500000 in thecurrent year. Even after taking aloan, thecompany is having thecapability of earning profits more than twice of its interest expenses which mean interest can be paid during lean times. Calculations relating to interest need to be verified with loan statement and other available documents. Investing significant difference and making conclusions If the results are significantly different as desired, the auditor must do discussion regarding this with management. A definite degree of uncertainty is required while discussing, as management might not research into anintellectual explanation, ormight befalse or hiding. The response of management must be looked and considered as valuable while conducting asimilaranalysis in the next year. Involvement of auditors is essential in analytical procedures. As per the provisions available in ISA 320, it is vital to document the applied analytical procedures for understanding the work done in more appropriate manner. Inherent risk can be specified as the receptiveness of an assertion regarding a group of transaction, balance or revelation relating to misstatement which might be material either on an individual basis or in aggregate with another misstatement before consideration of any related control (Knechel and Salterio, 2016). The same has been specified in ASA 200 Overall Objectives of Independent Auditor and conduct an audit in accordance with Auditing Standards. In present scenario in case of DIPL two inherent risk factors which arise from the nature of DIPLs business operations nature have been explained below along with reason behind same and the manner in which it will affect the possibility of material misstatement available in the financial statement: Inappropriate evaluation of allowance relating to obsolescence of Inventory: As per the study of Krahel and Titera, (2015) inherent risk result due to the failure of control or misleading information in the accounting system. In thepresentcase, as thecompany was following valuation of raw material at average cost and providing allowance relating to obsolescence of Inventory; but in present year they have decided to write back the same in books of account. As it will affect the profit, as well as the valuation of inventory and any error in this calculation, might lead to risk relating to incorrect valuation of inventory. This risk can be reduced through assessing in detail manner that what is the reason for changing the policy regarding valuation of Inventory and whether the same provide a more fairer view of books of accounts or not (Ruhnke and Schmidt, 2014). In case it does not provide afair view of books of account than the policy should be reassessed and alterationsare required to be done accordingly. Reconciliation and testing issue relating to New IT System: DIPL has decided to adopt a new IT system which is fully computerized and integrate the whole existing accounting process of organization. However, the system has been installed with theapplication of great pressure of the management and reconciliation and testing procedures continued until year end. Thus, the reports and calculation made by the system cannot be accepted without assessing the same in detail. The risk comprises the nature of inherent risk. Thus the same is treated as aninherentrisk. As the reports, calculations and account balances which are part of thefinancial report might be misstated. In accordance with views of Simunic, Ye and Zhang, (2017) thus, the overall impact of small errors due to this new IT system might increase the risk relating to a material misstatement in the financial statement. The same risk can be reduced by the auditor by applying test procedure on the new IT system to ascertain to what extent the report, account balances and other information pr ovided by the same can be relied on or not. ASA 240 Auditors Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Report deals with issues relating to risk fraud factors existing in an organization. Fraud can be referred as abroad concept for the purpose of Australian Accounting Standard; though auditor is concerned with the fraud which results in amisstatement of the financial report whether intentional or unintentional (Toy and Hay, 2014.). It has been specified in ASA 240 that fraud risk factors mean situations or conditions which encourage committing of fraud or provide an opportunity of committing fraud. It case of DIPL following key fraud risk factors have been specified below along with the manner in which they will affect the conduct of audit: Pressure on management for theadoption of New IT system: In the present scenario, management of DIPL has been pressurized for adopting the new IT system to a major extent. Even though it had been complained by many times by the IT manager regarding the manner, it has been installed. Thus, as whole management is having various issues, thus same can result in opportunity available for fraud and gain undue advantage. The manner in which they will affect the conduct of audit: The same will affect the auditing procedure applied by the auditor for assessing the effectiveness of the system.The auditor can apply CAAT tools for analysing the transparency of the system (Van and et.al. 2014). Further for ascertaining whether all entered transactions have been included while preparing afinancial statement of the company; few dummy transactions can be entered into the system, and the impact of same on the financial statement can be evaluated. Internal Control system is deficient due to inadequate monitoring of control: No appropriate internal control system is present in DIPL for evaluating whether the provided obligations have been appropriately applied by the management or not. The same might result into revenue recognition higher in comparison to actual revenue. The manner in which they will affect the conduct of audit: This fraud factor will also have aneffect on the audit procedure applied by the auditor in acase like reports provided by management relating to various operations and activities of thebusiness. In accordance with views of William, Glover and Prawitt, (2016) the auditor will require increased recognition for corroborate management explanations or representing concerned matters. These risk factors will affect the audit procedures to be applied for providing anappropriate opinion relating to the financial statement of DIPL. References Abraham, S. and Shrives, P.J. 2014. Improving the relevance of risk factor disclosure in corporate annual reports.The British accounting review.46(1) Pp.91-107. Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J., Beasley, M.S. and Hogan, C.E. 2016.Auditing and assurance services. Pearson. Cannon, N. and Bedard, J.C, 2016. Auditing challenging fair value measurements: Evidence from the field.The Accounting Review. DeFond, M.L. and Lennox, C.S., 2017. Do PCAOB Inspections Improve the Quality of Internal Control Audits?.Journal of Accounting Research,55(3). Pp.591-627. Griffith, E.E., Hammersley, J.S. and Kadous, K., 2015. Audits of complex estimates as verification of management numbers: How institutional pressures shape practice. Contemporary Accounting Research,32(3). Pp.833-863. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Jiao, A.Y. 2015.Police Auditing: Standards and Applications. Charles C Thomas Publisher. Khan, M., Serafeim, G. and Yoon, A. 2016. Corporate sustainability: First evidence on materiality.The Accounting Review.91(6). Pp.1697-1724. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E. 2016.Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis. Krahel, J.P. and Titera, W.R., 2015. Consequences of big data and formalization on accounting and auditing standards.Accounting Horizons,29(2). Pp.409-422. Ruhnke, K. and Schmidt, M., 2014. Misstatements in financial statements: The relationship between inherent and control risk factors and audit adjustments.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,33(4), Pp.247-269. Simunic, D.A., Ye, M. and Zhang, P., 2017. The joint effects of multiple legal system characteristics on auditing standards and auditor behavior.Contemporary Accounting Research,34(1). Pp.7-38. Toy, A. and Hay, D.C., 2014. Privacy auditing standards.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(3), Pp.181-199. van Buuren, J., Koch, C., van Nieuw Amerongen, N. and Wright, A.M., 2014. The use of business risk audit perspectives by non-big 4 audit firms.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,33(3), Pp.105-128. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016.Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

Definition of Being a Man

There Is no Single Viewpoint Every male in the world tries to define being a man at least once in his life. Some researchers state that the first attempt takes place at the age of three in the majority of cases when a boy learns about certain peculiarities of his body. Of course, men try to understand what it is like to be a man much later. It goes without saying that men have different viewpoints on the matter. However, in the majority of cases they contemplate similar categories.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Being a Man specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, it is possible to draw a universal definition of being a man when these categories are analyzed. Though, such category as physical features (e.g. strength) should be taken into account, it cannot be the principal one. There are more important categories that make a man ‘man’. These major categories to analyze are as follow s: social role, relationships in a family (interaction with females) and ethnic identity. Social Roles In the first place, it can be important to look at the way men identify themselves in the society. Interestingly, there are certain stereotypes concerning men in this respect. For instance, men often try to hold leading positions. They try to fit the image of a tough guy who can reach his aims and who can reach the top. Therefore, men often try to measure their ‘masculinity’ (or other male’s ‘masculinity’) with the help of this category. The higher post a man holds, the more manlike he seems. It is also important to note that many often think that men have no right to be sentimental when reaching their aims. However, these are only stereotypes. Now men are not expected to be sharks in the human society. Though, masculinity is still associated with a high social position, men are not expected to make their way over corpses. Now such feature as respon sibility is more important. Men are regarded as human beings who are responsible when it comes to making decisions. Being a man presupposes being responsible for various projects and for various people involved. Now this is the most important measurement for males. It is also important to state that masculinity has always been associated with competitiveness. Thus, men have always tried to prove they are ‘tough’. Now this competitiveness is also associated with responsibility. Men do not simply try to win the race; they are supposed to be responsible. Men cannot lose self-control. Thus, masculinity presupposes responsibility, competitiveness and self-control.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Relationships with Females Admittedly, there are loads of stereotypes when it comes to relationships between men and women. Historically, males were supposed to dominate females. Several centuries ago males were regarded as superior creatures. They could suppress their women and their children. Being a man could be synonymous to being cruel to a woman. Husbands were regarded as masters of their wives and their kids. Therefore, masculinity was measured by the level of his woman’s obedience. This stereotype is still prevailing in many societies. However, many understand that this stereotype is outdated. Nowadays men do not need to show how strict they are with women. Marriage has transformed into the institution of two equal partners who take care of their children. Of course, it is important to note that these partners have a bit different roles. Thus, masculinity is not synonymous to superiority now. Men do not try to suppress their wives (or partners). Now an ideal husband is supportive and caring. He is also responsible. Notably, responsibility is important in this category as well. Being a man presupposes being responsible. Men should care about cl ose people. They still should be strongholds of their families. Masculinity is now traced in the ability to be strong enough to admit that women are equal to men. Remarkably, this ability can be traced in men’s attitude towards feminist movements or even feminist ideas. Now many people understand that only weak and unconfident men try to prove that women should fulfill tasks that they have been carrying out throughout centuries. Such men do not want to let women hold high positions in the society. These men think that the institution of masculinity is in danger if women become in charge of men. On the contrary, really tough guys accept the changes which took place. They welcome women who can successfully hold the high position. Competitiveness is one of the most common features of masculinity. Real men welcome a deserving competitor, even if it is a female competitor. Therefore, responsibility is one of the most important features of masculinity when it comes to relationships with females, too. Ethnic Identity Ethnic identity is also one of the most important categories to analyze. Being a man means to be responsible for the entire group of people. This category is a bit similar to the previous one. Men often associate themselves with the entire nation. They feel ties between members of the group.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Being a Man specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is possible to state that they also feel responsible for the future of the entire nation. Admittedly, this can be compared to one of the basic instincts which make people continue their race. Likewise, men are supposed to be strongholds of their families. Thus, responsibility appears in the category of ethnic identity, too. Universal Definition On balance, it is possible to state that men have different viewpoints on masculinity. Likewise, there are many definitions of being a man. Nonetheless, it is still possible to come up with the universal definition. Thus, being a man means being committed and responsible for those who are dependent. Being a man also presupposes ‘healthy’ competitiveness which leads to development of the society Finally, being a man means being able to accept equality. Of course, it is important to note that this universal definition touches upon the major features of the real man. There are many other qualities that make a man â€Å"man†. Nonetheless, if a male is not characterized by such features as responsibility and ‘healthy’ competitiveness, he cannot be called the real man. This essay on Definition of Being a Man was written and submitted by user Texas Twister to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Information essays

Information essays The Internet has vastly increased the supply of news channels and outlets and has spawned a 24-hour news cycle. The media audience of a public relations (PR) professional is more informed than in times before the Internet when the press kit was the primary means by which a reporter could obtain information about a company without speaking with a representative. Press and analyst conferences are no longer "invitation- only" events, but are now available to the masses through the Internet. However, ubiquitous access has its challenges. A reporter may not even interface with a PR professional when writing a store, increasing the likelihood of negative press that could have been controlled or prevented had the reporter gone through the traditional PR channels. And, individuals can easily plant negative stories on message and chat boards that a PR person never evens sees because of the overwhelming task of trying to monitor the huge volumes of Internet content.[1] The most important lesson that PR professionals can learn is that the Internet should not be viewed as a replacement for personal contact with the media on a regular basis. This will give the PR representative the opportunity to convey a controlled message and a chance to rebut any uncontrolled negative messages. Furthermore, a communications network in which one arm of marketing is unaware of the activities of another, can hinder the processes of message control when information is so widespread and rapidly distributed. The solution lies in centralizing the information flowing in and out of the various communications departments and streamlining the processes for interacting with various media and non-media ...

Feminism Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Feminism Article Analysis - Essay Example Ann Tickner in her work â€Å"You Just Don’t Understand: Troubled Engagements Between Feminists and IR Theorists,† that is, the eradication and repudiation of gender inequality that traditionally characterized the relationship between man and woman. With it also is the breaking of the glass ceiling or the â€Å"objectification† of women either as a sexual subject or an entity that can be exploited or abused. I agree this has to be relegated to history and people should move forward with renewed vigour to pursue and work as equals to build a more harmonious, more productive and better society. Women, after all, compose a half of our population, which means half the talent that could make our lives better, and half the capacity to produce. Therefore, it is not only a matter of political propriety that women should be equal to men, but also as an economic and political imperative. This however is only limited to personal, economic and societal relations, and not to international relations. Thus, I disagree with Tickner’s approach of transcending the feminist perspective to international relations. Feminist theories and approaches just got it wrong in interpreting international relations in terms of the feminist approach. International relations cover a complex and wide array of interests that intersect with one another and require balancing, better judgement, relevance and efficacy. Resolving this complexity that characterizes international relations with the epistemological and ontological perspective of feminist body of knowledge is just too simplistic. For example, we can cite the Kantian tradition and solution as a workable approach to an economic problem such as the recent financial crisis that almost dragged the world into recession whose Kantian solution that have been adopted by many, such as Obama’s Stimulus Plan, and for most part it has succeeded in saving jobs and in general, the economy of the United States and most part of the

Australian International History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Australian International History - Essay Example ts, Australia would still be under the umbrella of the empire and not completely control it's own foreign policy. In the words of B.R. Wise, "I certainly did not anticipate at the time (1888), that in such short a period of twelve years, the then prevalent indifference on the part of Great Britain and suspicion on ours would have given place to the mutual confidence which is now so significant of the relations between the two countries."[1] called "the crimson thread of kinship"[2] with the British, this basically meant that most Australians could trace their roots to the United Kingdom, be it England, Ireland or New Wales, however, in Australia, developed a mix of nationalism and imperialism. The militarizations of Europe posed many threats to Australia and slowly lead to the rise of Australian Nationalism and in time to the formation of a navy under the command of the Commonwealth government in 1909. These events mainly shaped the Australian foreign policy in the period of 1900-1914. According to Paul Kelly, the early commonwealth period saw the establishment of 'The Australian Settlement' comprising five planks: 1. White Australia 2. Industry Protection 3. Wage Arbitration 4. State Paternalism 5. Imperial Benevolences[3] It aimed to create an environment that would be a modified version of capitalism which would function under the already existing imperial machine. The empire was to be responsible to ensure that racial purity (the concept of White Australia) would be protected and enforced and also provide the Commonwealth with the markets and work force for it to establish its presence and develop its resources. However, this goal was easier set than achieved, for Japan allied with Britain in 1902 and even though the British Forces provided the main defences for Australia, [2]. Paul Kelly, The Elf Certainty: The Story of the 19805, Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards (NSW), 1992, pp. 1-2 [3]. Paul Kelly, The Elf Certainty: The Story of the 19805, Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards (NSW), 1992, pp. 1-2 Britain itself was being challenged by Germany in the northern hemisphere, which left it weak in the pacific and the Commonwealth government anticipated that it may be left dependent on Japan for its defence. This in itself proved to be a challenge to the concept of White Australia as this policy aimed to exclude coloured people from Australia and that included the Asians. Even in being dependent on solely the British Empire, the White Australia policy faced many challenges as the majority of the

Treaments for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Treaments for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder occurs when individuals experience intrusive effects of a disturbing event that they have experienced for more than one month. PTSD is also marked by an individual’s determined avoidance of any stimuli that might remind them of the aforementioned event, along with a marked shift in mood and behavior which is distressing to the people around them. Over the years, a number of therapeutic techniques have been used to treat PTSD. Due to their effectiveness, exposure therapies and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are two of the most widely used of these techniques. These have been utilized to treat soldiers as well as civilians who have experienced trauma. However, the nuances of their application, in terms of their effectiveness against specific demographics have yet to be determined. This paper will critically evaluate a number of different studies conducted using exposure techniques, EMDR, or both and determine their effectivenes s in treating individuals with PTSD. Even though EMDR has its roots in exposure therapy, for the purposes of this study, EMDR and exposure therapies will be regarded as two distinctive therapeutic techniques (CITE). One of the biggest issues faced by PTSD treatment research is a large number of studies with subpar methodologies. Due to this, Foa and Meadows (1997) published seven standards that should be present in any research that deals with treatment outcomes of PTSD. They are known as the â€Å"Gold Standards† for treatment outcome studies. According to Foa and Meadows, every suitable PTSD research should have clearly defined symptoms; reliable and valid measures; use of independent evaluators; trained assessors; manualized, replicable, specific treatment programs; treatment adherence; and an unbiased assignment to treatment. Ready et al. (2012) provides an effective utilization of group-based exposure therapy which sets the precedent in favor of exposure techniques among veteran soldiers. Their decision to divide the participants into three groups of ten ensures that every individual can form personal connections with other members of the group given the limited time of the treatment program. The small group size also allows the participants, who would typically avoid social situations, to not feel overwhelmed when asked to share their experiences. On the other hand, the lack of any gender diversity within the sample group reduces external validity and adds to the stereotype that only men who have been in combat suffer from PTSD. Given the comorbidity of PTSD and substance abuse (CITE), using drug abuse as exclusion criteria further decreases its external validity. Allocating the first part of the program to forming support groups among participants is an effective use of the small sample size. It also helps in prolonging the social and emotional support that participants get during the program so that they will continue to support each other after its conclusion. Using each individual’s presentations as a form of exposure allows for a highly personalized exposure treatment while allowing them to understand that others have faced the same situations that they have. However, since they are required to listen to it as homework, it can only be effective with highly motivated participants. Seeing the long-term effectiveness of this type of exposure technique, Ready et al. (2012) proposed that the number of times that participants are required to listen to the presentations be increased from 10 to 20, which would theoretically increase the rate at which symptoms of PTSD would disappear. Overall, group based exposure therapy (GBET) is shown to be an effective short-term and long-term treatment for PTSD. Through research conducted in a Ugandan refugee camp, Neuner et al. (2008) demonstrated that, even with laypersons with minimal training in psychotherapy, exposure techniques such as narrative exposure therapy (NET) can be used to treat PTSD. Just nine research assistants, all laypersons, were employed to conduct this study among a sample size of 277 individuals. While they were given a 6 week crash course on therapeutic techniques and communication skills, the use of unqualified personal to treat psychological disorders is unethical and could have negatively affected the participants being treated. Furthermore, it would have been better to use research assistants who weren’t from the camps that the study was being conducted on; this would have decreased threats to the validity of the study such as demand characteristics and participant expectations. However, the subject of PTSD wasn’t alien to the laypersons since all of them had been diagnosed with it at one point or another, meaning that they could empathize with the participants via personal experience. Since follow-up assessments showed that 70% of the participants who underwent NET can no longer be diagnosed with PTSD, this type of psychotherapy can be used in war-torn regions where professional help isn’t readily available. But the validity of the final results can be questioned due to the large number of participants who could not be located for the post-test and follow-up sessions, even though the study had adjusted for attrition during participant selection. Another exposure technique, known as imagery rescripting and exposure therapy (IRET), was used by Long et al. (2011) to treat nightmares associated with PTSD. Like in the aforementioned case of Ready et al. (2012), this program also suffered from the issue of being all male. Furthermore, the temporal relevance of the study can be questioned since the participants were primarily veterans of the Vietnam War and none of the participants had participated in active combat since the early 1990s. While IRET had great success in decreasing the frequency of nightmares and increasing the quality of sleep, it wasn’t shown to have any effect on other symptoms associated with PTSD. The validity of these findings can be further questioned by the fact that the mean age for the participants were 62.1 years; meaning that their sleep disturbances may be the result of factors other than PTSD. Despite all of this, the self-employed and individualized exposure techniques used in this study, along with the extensive psychoeducation that preceded it, makes it a highly effective tool to treat nightmares associated with PTSD, even in individuals who have been suffering from it for decades. Rothbaum, Astin, and Marstellar (2005) attempted to compare the efficacy of prolonged exposure therapy (PE) to EMDR with respect to the treatment of rape victims. One of the things that stood out from this study was the fact that every assessment and evaluation that is required during the course of the study was conducted by independent, blind evaluators. In addition to that the integrity of the specific therapies was measured by assessors who rated them highly. The sample size used was appropriate but a high dropout rate, combined with a few peculiar additions to the sample groups negatively affects the validity and reliability of the study; three participants who would not have otherwise been able to pass the exclusion criteria were allowed to participate in the study. It also used the participant’s subjective opinion on the most significant events in their lives, on which the treatments were focused on, which stands out due to the lengths they went to make the results of th is study independent and objective. Furthermore, the remarkable success at which both PE and EMDR was able to treat the participants, raises questions on the reliability of the treatment process; 95% of the PE group and 75% of the EMDR group of patients who have been suffering from PTSD for over a decade, were no longer diagnosable as PTSD patients after a treatment process that lasted a few weeks. Despite all that, the efficacy of both exposure techniques and EMDR in treatment compared to no treatment cannot be questioned. Ahmad, Larsson, and Sundlein-Wahlsten’s (2006) study, which was conducted using participants between the ages of 6 to 16, demonstrated that PTSD is prevalent even among children. The randomized controlled nature of the study along with the independent assessments makes it high in internal validity. Participants on the control group of this also showed improvements; they however, improved in non PTSD related symptoms. Moreover, the inventory that was administered had been modified in such a way that it can be understood and used easily with children. Furthermore, a more extensive evaluation can be carried out in the form of longitudinal studies or case studies regarding the relationship between PTSD in children and the history of mental illness in their family. Like many other programs which tested different treatments of PTSD, this study lacked a larger sample size, and utilized extensive exclusion criteria; this could affect its generalizability. In addition to this, they fai led to make independent assessments of their follow-up evaluations, affecting its claim of having blind assessments. Similar to Rothbaum, Astin, and Marstellar’s (2005) study which used the victim’s subjective opinion of their worst experience in order to conduct their PTSD assessment, this study also decided to focus on one single incident that the young participants or their guardians deemed significant. This is an effective method of administering EMDR, since it is more efficient in treating specific memories that are distressing to the participants. However, in a broader perspective, while a case can be made to the point that subjective opinions of individuals’ most distressing events are relevant to treating PTSD since it’s the individuals themselves who are experiencing them, it should also be pointed out that what an individual considers to be the most significant event in his/her life need not be the most significant event in terms of psychological and emotional trauma. Therefore, it should be best to conduct extensive background checks before any kind of decisio n is made regarding the significance of any life events. In a study published by Taylor et al. (2003), a side by side comparison of prolonged exposure therapy and EMDR with respect to specific symptoms of PTSD was conducted to determine which technique was more effective against each of them. Compared to most other studies conducted regarding PTSD, this study had a fairly large sample size (n=60) with the majority of them being Caucasian and women. While the study employed an impressive sample size, since the participants were primarily diagnosed with chronic and severe forms of PTSD, the external validity of the results can be brought into question. However, since most of the participants of the study had chronic PTSD, it reduces the possibility that the changes that were observed in the pretests and posttests are purely due to temporal changes. The validity can be further questioned due to the difference in educational qualifications of the two therapists who administered these therapeutics techniques. However, independent expert assessm ent of their interrater reliability produced high scores, disproving these doubts. Moreover, the treatments were administered using standardized manuals which increased the validity of the study by ensuring that all participants received near as similar treatments as possible. This study is the first study to have achieved the aforementioned â€Å"gold Standard† for PTSD outcome treatment research (CITE). This study’s observed reductions in PTSD symptoms for all three subject groups were determined by the authors as a result of the effect of unintended exposure during relaxation training and EMDR techniques. This contradicts with the belief that in EMDR, eye movement â€Å"enhances the retrieval of episodic memory and increases cognitive flexibility† (CITE). While exposure techniques and eye movement desensitizing and reprocessing (EMDR) are similar to each other in many ways and are efficacious in their treatment of PTSD, their approaches, implementations, and goals are quite different from one another. EMDR treats PTSD by asking the patients to subjectively choose the memory or experience that they think is causing them the most distress and treating them so that they are desensitized to this particular experience. The root of their PTSD is determined to be their most distressing memory and by desensitizing them to that experience and the re-experiencing that follows it, they are shown to have significant decrease in symptoms of PTSD. While some specialized exposure therapies employ similar approaches, others such as the NET and GBET explores an individual’s whole life or a particular period in which they were susceptible to distressing experiences respectively. This method allows the therapist to play a part in determining the most significant event in an individual’s life and adjusting the treatment process accordingly. In addition to that, since Taylor et al. (2003) showed that prolonged exposure therapy was more effective than EMDR in reducing the levels of re-experiencing and avoidance, the authors of the study concluded that it is the superior therapeutic technique. All in all, both exposure techniques and EMDR are very good at what they are supposed to do; but exposure techniques are better at it. Therefore, a hypothesis can be derived from the above discussed studies which states that specialized exposure techniques are more efficacious in the treatment of PTSD than EMDR across social and temporal demographics.

The Churches Of Christ: A Comparative Essay :: essays research papers

The Churches of Christ: A Comparative Essay Over the past ten years there has been much controversy in the Christian and secular media about the International Churches of Christ (ICC), and the United (or mainline) Church of Christ (CoC). This controversy has stemmed from the ICC's misuse of funds, doctrinal problems, member abuse, and mind-control. The differences between the CoC and the ICC are important for Christians know and understand. The CoC began in 1957 when these four groups merged The Congregational Churches, The Christian Church, The Evangelical Synod of North America, and The Reformed Church in the United States. These churches had firm Protestant roots in England, Germany, Sweden, and the United States, totaling over 49 years in their own traditions and fellowship. On June 25, of 1957, the four churches held a synod meeting in Cleveland, Ohio, to commit more fully to unity, liberty, freedom in Christ, and the evangelism of the world. These groups, under the head of the Uniting General Synod, became the United Churches of Christ. Today the CoC has over two thousand registered churches in the world. By 1979, the roots of the CoC were firmly in place. It was then that Chuck Lucas, a pastor at the Gainesville Church of Christ (mainline), met a young college student, Kip McKean, and began discipling him. Kip was a bright student and showed great potential for leadership in the church. However, something in the discipling process went wrong. Kip was expelled from the Gainesville church later that year for reasons dealing with departure from the CoC doctrine, manipulative attitude, unclear motivation, and controlling of other's lives. Kip and his wife Elena moved to Boston and started a small church that grew rapidly from thirty to over three hundred disciples in two months. Kip (who, by this time, proclaimed himself as "God's man for God's mission") then declared in his Evangelism Proclamation speech in 1981 that disciples of his Boston church would be sent out to start sister churches in London, Chicago, New York, Toronto, Providence, Johannesburg, Paris, Stockholm, Mexico City, Hong Kong, Bombay, Cairo, and throughout the United States by the year of 1985. His success with this goal led him to present another Evangelism Proclamation in 1990 that said that every city in the world with a population of over 75,000 will have a sister church by the year 2000. Today the ICC is in over seventy two countries, with a recorded attendance (as of January 1997) of 920,000 people. It is important to note that the ICC's current "fall-away (members who leave the church) rate" is

Asian Countries

Asian countries are strong in culture values and intelligent minds. It have given birth to popular celebrities, famous priests and good politicians, (Sweetman, K. 2012). However, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia are multi-ethnic societies with Malays, Chinese and Indians, (Commisceo Global. 2018). These countries are on ethnicities retain their customs, religions and lifestyles. In Malaysia, people are maintain face and avoid shame. This makes Malaysian strive for harmonious relationships. Indonesia is large diverse nation which have great deal of attention from it government to maintain a cohesion, (Commisceo Global. 2018). Singapore have concepts of group, harmony and mutual security are more important than individual. They also emphasize loyalty, unity and respect for elder.POWER DISTANCEAccording to Geert, power distance is attitude of culture towards inequalities in the society, (Hofstede, G. 2011). Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia are scores higher than 71 which is average score of Asian countries, (Sweetman, K. 2012). This shows that Asian culture is more paternalistic, hence people expect and accept different incomes and privileges, (Fanggy, P and Brian, S. 2014). Subordinates maintain a distance from the bosses and have sense of respect and fear, (Fanggy, P and Brian, S. 2014). In education system, teachers are treated with respect and class is strict order. Moreover, Parents have big authority and respect to parents and elderly lasts during whole life. Therefore, children are not supported to be initiative. In comparison, Malaysia has higher power distance compare to Singapore and Indonesia. This is because of Malay feudal system and the influence of British, (Fanggy, P and Brian, S. 2014). Thus, Malay culture is very respectful of a complex of titled classes and untitled ‘commoners' and to great power to top of organisation.INDIVIDUALISMMalaysia, Singapore and Indonesia are geared towards a collectivism culture, meaning that the group is more important than individual, (Merkin, R. 2015). Responsibility exists and when one participant breaks the rule then the whole group feels disgraced. Therefore, these countries give more importance to family. Furthermore, harmony is very crucial and open conflict is avoided, (Globig. 2010). ‘Saving face' for other is always a goal and bosses always calm and respectful, (Globig. 2010). In comparison, Indonesian are highly collective comparing with Malaysia and Singapore. This is because they hold their traditions tightly. The principle of Bhineka Tunggal IKa (unity in diversity) was adopted for the republic, (Rahmawati, M. 2010). Moreover, they idea regarding belief in God, humanity, tolerance, democracy and justice are incorporated in the Pancasila (five principle) which reflects country's way of life as the reflection of collectivism, (Rahmawati, M. 2010).MASCULINITYMasculinity focus on societies with assertiveness, materialism and achievements whereas femininity refer to societies of caring, modesty and quality of life, (Blog on Linguistics. 2013). According to Geert, there are slightly differences between Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. Despite, Malaysia is in middle, that consensus and sympathy are important, as are being modest and humble. However, Singapore and Indonesia have low masculinity which consider as femininity. These countries are social relationship oriented and give importance to quality of life rather than money. Also these give high priority for environmental protection rather than economic growth.UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCEUncertainty avoidance is the way society handles with the things that will happen in future, (Hofstede, G. 2011). According to the chart, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia are low preference for avoiding uncertainty which are willing to take risk and try new in life. Furthermore, the countries are prefer to maintain more relaxed attitude and punctuality do not come naturally. In addition, these countries are comfortable with ambiguity and chaos and there is no problem when change jobs. In comparison, although all countries are weak in uncertainty avoidance, Singapore has very low uncertainty avoidance. In other words, Singaporean accepts the change easily and they state their country as Fine country, (Hofstede, G. 2011). Another reason, they also maintain greater level of tolerance towards unorthodox ideas. Therefore, Singapore is more creative than other countries.LONG-TERM ORIENTATIONLong term orientation prefer future more importance than past and present, (Hofstede, G. 2011). According to the Geert, Singapore and Indonesia are long term orientated culture which known as ‘pragmatism', (Hofstede, G. 2011). Basically, it support long term investment, respect to knowledge, honesty, openness to new thought, responsibility and self-discipline, (Blog on Linguistics. 2013). Therefore, Singapore and Indonesia have strong propensity to save and invest for future, at the same time also focuses on quick result. In other hand, Malaysia is short term orientated culture which have more focus on their personal well-being and spend very low on environment, (Blog on Linguistics. 2013). Malaysian are primarily respect tradition especially Malays. An addition, they also more concern with ‘face saving' and fulfil social obligations. Therefore, they are more independence and focus on quick result compare to Singapore and Indonesia.INDULGENCEIndulgent societies allow free gratification related to enjoying life and have fun, (Globig. 2010). Therefore, Malaysia is indulgent country which majority are happy and most of them are obese. Malaysian have perception of personal life control and focuses more on leisure. Moreover, they educated population with higher birth rates. In other hand, Indonesia have restrained societies that suppress of needs and regulate them by strict social norms, (Globig. 2010). Hence, Indonesian give lower importance for the leisure. Only few people involved in sports. Country with enough food but less obese people. However, Singapore falls in the middle on this dimension.RECOMMENDATIONAs a recommendation, Malaysia should improve on long term orientation. Long term working towards future goal and maintain harmonious relationship for future. Moreover, in business, long term investment will get more profit. Thus, can build strong market position. Singapore should improve on higher uncertainty avoidance. Therefore, Singapore could have more structure and rule, which people do not make mistakes. For example, can reduce car collisions. It also will increase security rather than taking risks. Indonesia should improve on individualism. It brings respects on individual rights and do not require people to change their true personalities for society. Furthermore, individual society motivated people to strive for success. Moreover, individualism can reduce the country's tax pay.

German Loan Words Used in English

If you are an English-speaker, you already know more German than you may realize. English and German belong to the same â€Å"family† of languages. They are both Germanic, even though each has borrowed heavily from Latin, French, and Greek. Some German words and expressions are used constantly in English. Angst, kindergarten, gesundheit, kaputt, sauerkraut, and Volkswagen are just some of the most common. English-speaking children often attend a Kindergarten (childrens garden). Gesundheit doesnt really mean â€Å"bless you,† it means â€Å"health†Ã¢â‚¬â€the good variety being implied. Psychiatrists speak of Angst (fear) and Gestalt (form) psychology, and when something is broken, its kaputt (kaput). Although not every American knows that Fahrvergnà ¼gen is â€Å"driving pleasure,† most do know that Volkswagen means â€Å"peoples car.† Musical works can have a Leitmotiv. Our cultural view of the world is called a Weltanschauung by historians or philosophers. Zeitgeist for â€Å"spirit of the times† was first used in English in 1848. Something in poor taste is kitsch or kitschy, a word that looks and means the same as its German cousin kitschig. (More about such words in How Do You Say â€Å"Porsche†?) By the way, if you were unfamiliar with some of these words, thats a side benefit of learning German: increasing your English vocabulary! Its part of what the famous German poet Goethe meant when he said, â€Å"He who doesnt know foreign languages, doesnt know his own.† (Wer fremde Sprachen nicht kennt, weiß auch nichts von seiner eigenen.) Here are a few more English words borrowed from German (many have to do with food or drink): blitz, blitzkrieg, bratwurst, cobalt, dachshund, delicatessen, ersatz, frankfurter and wiener (named for Frankfurt and Vienna, respectively), glockenspiel, hinterland, infobahn (for â€Å"information highway†), kaffeeklatsch, pilsner (glass, beer), pretzel, quartz, rucksack, schnaps (any hard liquor), schuss (skiing), spritzer, (apple) strudel, verboten, waltz, and wanderlust. And from Low German: brake, dote, tackle. In some cases, the Germanic origins of English words are not so obvious. The word dollar comes from German Thaler — which in turn is short for Joachimsthaler, derived from a sixteenth-century silver mine in Joachimsthal, Germany. Of course, English is a Germanic language to begin with. Although many English words trace their roots back to Greek, Latin, French, or Italian, the core of English — the basic words in the language — are Germanic. Thats why it doesnt take too much effort to see the resemblance between English and German words such as friend and Freund, sit and sitzen, son and Sohn, all and alle, flesh (meat) and Fleisch, water and Wasser, drink and trinken or house and Haus. We get additional help from the fact that English and German share many French, Latin, and Greek loan words. It doesnt take a Raketenwissenchaftler (rocket scientist) to figure out these â€Å"German† words: aktiv, die Disziplin, das Examen, die Kamera, der Student, die Università ¤t, or der Wein.   Learning to use these family resemblances gives you an advantage when working on expanding your German vocabulary. After all, ein Wort is just a word.